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The Impact Of Medicaid Expansion On Pregnant Mothers And...

This research papers purpose was to assess the impact of Medicaid expansion on pregnant mothers and their newborn children. Issues explored were the history Medicaid, current perceptions regarding the program and its recipients, the benefits of Medicaid and the reasons that some states have chosen to opt out of the expansion. The methodology used for this study was to research peer reviewed articles and journals to determine the positive and negative effects of Medicaid expansion and compare data from states that have implemented program expansion to those states that have chosen to abstain. Information was gathered from all stages of development from conception, to school age children. When comparing the potential advantages and costs of Medicaid expansion the research findings indicate a substantial benefit regarding access to care, prenatal and postnatal services for mothers with Medicaid as compared to those mothers without insurance. Although Medicaid insurance and benefi ts are costly, research data indicated that providing these services can result in a significant savings by offering preventative screening and by avoiding the utilization of expensive emergency services. Additionally, research indicated that Medicaid recipients reported better rates of health care satisfaction and wellbeing than those who were uninsured. Introduction Medicaid is a health, safety net program that was enacted to provide health care coverage to qualifying members of theShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Goal Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act And Womens Health1119 Words   |  5 Pagesand Affordable Care Act and Women’s Health In 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was passed. The PPACA grants all legal residents in the United States access to health insurance. The PPACA is accommodated by expanding Medicaid, establishing tax credits for small business owners to cover insurance for their employees, and through state-offered â€Å"marketplaces† where citizens can buy insurance if they aren’t offered insurance elsewhere (Ranji, Salganicoff, Sobel RosenzweigRead MoreArgument Against Birthright Citizenship : Chain Migration1485 Words   |  6 Pages Once the child turns 18, they can sponsor a foreign spouse and unmarried children of his own. When they turn 21, they can sponsor their parents and any siblings. From there, the sponsored spouse/siblings/parents can sponsor their foreign-born parents and siblings, and these parents/siblings can sponsor their own foreign-born spouses and siblings. This process continues indefinitely and can lead to a never ending expansion o f the migration chain. According to the Center for Immigration, â€Å"family-sponsoredRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 Pagesnumber of NP per primary care MD by county, 2009 Map of the number of physician assistants per primary care MD by county, 2009 Requirements for physician−nurse collaboration, by state, as a barrier to access to primary care Physician opinions about the impact of allowing nurse practioners to practice independently Patient satisfaction with retail-based health clinics Reasons cited for not working in nursing, by age group Age distribution of registered nurses, 1980−2008 Average age of nurses at variousRead MoreThe Social Impact of Drug Abuse24406 Words   |  98 PagesNum ber 2 THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF DRUG ABUSE This study was originally prepared by UNDCP as a position paper for the World Summit for Social Development (Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995) Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter Part one: background I. The drug problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. B. C. D. E. TheRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesSubtitle B—Credit for Small Business Employee Health Coverage Expenses Subtitle C—Disclosures To Carry Out Health Insurance Exchange Subsidies Subtitle D—Other Revenue Provisions rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD with BILLS DIVISION B—MEDICARE AND MEDICAID IMPROVEMENTS TITLE I—IMPROVING HEALTH CARE VALUE Subtitle A—Provisions related to Medicare part A Subtitle B—Provisions Related to Part B Subtitle C—Provisions Related to Medicare Parts A and B Subtitle D—Medicare Advantage Reforms Subtitle

Various Forms of Organizations Free Essays

YOU DECIDE PAPER 2 Part I:   Discuss the various forms of organization that are available to Penelope, Mark and John The various forms of organization available to Penelope, Mark and John are: GENERAL PARTNERSHIPS: A general partnership is a business organization formed when 2 or more individuals or entities form a business for profit. All partners share in the management and in the profits and decide on matters of ordinary business operations by majority of the partners or by percentage ownership of each partner. Each partner is liable for all business debts and bears responsibility for the actions of the other partners. We will write a custom essay sample on Various Forms of Organizations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each partner reports partnership income on their individual tax return. A partnership dissolves on the death or withdrawal of a partner unless the partnership agreement provides otherwise. Partnerships are relatively easy and inexpensive to form and require few ongoing formalities. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY: A limited liability company is a new and flexible business organization of one or more owners that offers the advantages of liability protection with the simplicity of a partnership, i. e. partners are not liable for business debts. Each partner reports business income on their individual tax return. LLCs may dissolve on the death or withdrawal of an owner depending on state law. An LLC is not appropriate for businesses seeking to become public or raise capital. LLCs require few ongoing formalities but usually require periodic filings with the state and also require annual fees. LLCs are more expensive to form than partnerships. CORPORATIONS: A corporation is a legal entity that has most of the rights and duties of a natural person but with perpetual life and limited liability. Shareholders of a corporation appoint a board of directors and the board of directors appoints the officers for the corporation, who have the authority to manage the day-to-day operations of the corporation. Shareholders are generally liable for the amount of their investment in corporate stock. A corporation pays its own taxes and shareholders pay tax on their dividends. However, in a subchapter S corporation, shareholders report their share of corporate profit or loss in their individual tax return. The corporation is its own legal entity and can survive the death of owners, partners and shareholders. A corporation is the best entity for eventual public companies. Corporations can raise capital through the sale of securities and can transfer ownership through the transfer of securities. Corporations require annual meetings and require owners and directors to observe certain formalities. Corporations are more expensive to form than partnerships and sole proprietorships. Corporations require periodic filings with the state and also require annual fees. (COMMON FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ http://www. tulsascore. org/organization. tml) PARTNERSHIPS: Partnerships are unincorporated businesses. Like corporations, partnerships are separate entities from the shareholders. Unlike corporations, partnerships must have at least one General Partner who assumes unlimited liability for the business. Partnerships must have at least two shareholders. Partnerships distribute all profits and losses to their shareholders without regard for any profits retained by the business for cash flow purposes. (LLCs are taxed as partnerships, unless they choose to be taxed as corporations. of   organization you believe will be best and be sure to explain the reasoning for your choice. In my opinion, a Limited Liability Company would be the best choice for them to form as it provides easy management and â€Å"pass-through† taxation (profits and losses are added to the owner(s) personal tax returns) like a Sole Proprietorship/Partnership, with the liability protection of a Corporation. Like a corporation, it is a separate legal entity; unlike a corporation, there is no stock and there are fewer formalities. The owners of an LLC are called â€Å"Members† instead of â€Å"Shareholders†. So in essence, it’s a like a corporation, with less complicated taxation and stock formalities. The heart of a Limited Liability Company is known as the â€Å"Operating Agreement†. This document sets the rules for operating the company and can be modified as the business grows and changes. Operating an LLC is less formal than a corporation, usually only requiring an Annual Members’ Meeting and Members’ agreeing to changes of the Operating Agreement and other major company decisions. Provides the liability protection of a corporation without the corporate formalities (Board meetings, Shareholder meetings, minutes, etc. ) and extra levels of management (Shareholders, Directors, Officers). Taxed the same as a sole proprietorship (1 Member LLC) or partnership (2 or more Members). (Which Type of Business Entity to Choose? http://www. mynewcompany. com/entity. htm) Part III:   Discuss the tax consequences of contributing cash, property and/or services to the new entity. Contributions of appreciated property to an LLC, however, are generally tax free and there is no ownership or control requirement. There are ordinarily no federal income tax consequences when a person contributes property or services to an LLC, but there are some exceptions to this rule that you should keep in mind when planning for contributions by new or existing members of LLCs. Under IRC  §721(a), a contribution of property to an LLC is generally tax free to both the contributor and the LLC. There is no 80 percent control requirement to obtain tax-free treatment for a contribution to an entity taxed as a partnership as there is for a contribution to a corporation under IRC  §351. Therefore, a contribution of property to an LLC will be tax free even if the contributor obtains only a relatively small interest in the LLC in exchange. Part IV:   Discuss, in detail, how this entity is taxed (if at all) and what filing requirements it has with the IRS Limited liability companies that are subject to the partnership tax rules are not responsible for actually paying the tax on business earnings, but are responsible for preparing annual partnership tax returns on IRS Form 1065. This return is for informational purposes only; all income, deductions and credits are reported by each individual owner. The LLC reports each owner’s share of these amounts on a Schedule K-1 at the end of the year. In this situation, if Penelope, Mark and John earn $120,000 and have $60,000 of deductible business expenses, then each of them will receive a Schedule K-1 with $40,000 of earnings and $20,000 of deductions. Each of them must then report these figures on their personal income tax returns. Essentially, the business will increase their personal taxable income by $20,000. (LLC Tax Filing Rules – Tax Basis in LLC Interest: In general, the initial tax basis of a member who acquires an LLC interest from the LLC will be equal to the amount of money and the tax basis of any property that the member contributes to the LLC in exchange for such interest. The tax basis thus determined will be increased by such member’s share of the LLC’s liabilities, by its share of the LLC’s income, and by any subsequent capital contributions. The member’s tax basis will be reduced (but not below zero) by the member’s share of LLC distributions and losses and also by any decrease in such member’s share of the LLC’s liabilities. IRC  § 752 embodies the statutory rules for sharing LLC liabilities. That Section provides that any increase in a partner’s share of a partnership’s liabilities, or any increase in a partner’s individual liabilities by reason of assuming a partnership’s liabilities, will be considered a contribution of money by such partner to the partnership. Conversely, any decrease in a partner’s share of a partnership’s liabilities, or any decrease in a partner’s individual liabilities by reason of a partnership assuming such liabilities, will be considered a distribution of money to the partner by the partnership. Unfortunately, the statute does not provide for the manner in which a partner’s share of liabilities will be determined. Instead, one must look to the Regulations. (Federal Income Taxation of LLC Members – http://www. mmmlaw. com/media-room/publications/articles/federal-income-taxation-of-llc-members) This last exception is the most important. In some circumstances, a court might say that the LLC doesn’t really exist and find that its owners are really doing business as individuals, who are personally liable for their acts (LLC Business Basics – http://articles. bplans. com/small-business-legal-issues/llc-basics/186) Cited Sources: COMMON FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ http://www. tulsascore. org/organization. html Types of Business  Organizations: 6 Forms of Business for IRS  Purposes http://taxes. about. com/od/taxplanning/a/incorporating_2. tm Which Type of Business Entity to Choose? http://www. mynewcompany. com/entity. htm Contributions to LLCs – http://www. alberty. com/newsletter_summer01. html How LLC Members Are Taxed – http://www. nolo. com/legal-encyclopedia/how-llcs-are-taxed-29675. html Tax Implications: LLC Versus S Corporations – http://www. hutchlaw. com/library/tax-implications-llc-versus-s-corporations LLC Asset Protection – http://www. ehow. com/about_6563015_llc-asset-protection. html LLC Business Basics – http://articles. bplans. com/small-business-legal-issues/llc-basics/186 How to cite Various Forms of Organizations, Papers

The Procurement Of New Royal Adelaide Hospital †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Procurement Of New Royal Adelaide Hospital. Answer: Procurement context The new Royal Adelaide hospital is one of the largest social infrastructure project which has been taken up by the State. This hospital is equipped using the Public Private Partnership agreement. This agreement is signed by the State and the South Australia Health Partnership Pty Ltd. (Project Company). The hospital aimed to turn their status from large scale public private partnership hospital to modern health care facilities provider. In order to procure this project, the complexity, costs etc. aspects became difficult to manage. Further talking about the lifecycle of the project, it should be noted that the lifecycle journey of the project is going well; themanagement of the company has designed systems that are adequately contributing to the growth of the project. Efficient decision making systems and processes are timely reviewed by themanagement which provides greater scope of growth to the hospital (Kerzner, Kerzner, 2017). The ongoing journey of the PPP project is progressin g in different phases and helping the hospital to achieve milestones as well. Till date the journey of the project is going well but it is expected that the project might face issues related to governance or cost which can also affect the growth of the project (Burke, 2013). The current growth of the project is expected to go well but the hospital might face some issues in its progress as they are currently facing delay from the expected plan. The construction and design facilities are going well and are expected to get completed on time but the acquirement of clinical equipment and Information Communication Technology faces the risk of delay. Due to this incident, the following plan is also facing delay due to which completion of the whole event also might face delay. Additionally the external State funded works are also going well as they are being managed by the Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure (DPTI). Apart from progress in the project, they department is also facing some issues in managing the flow of work (Schwalbe, 2015). The project is progressing through a serious phase as it is transitioning with the designs and construction phase. As the project is multifaceted due to which it became difficult for themanagement to co-operat e with the employees and motivate them to complete the task efficiently. As discussed above that the hospital attained the clinical facilities and ICT lately due to which the projected plan delayed. The project also faced the containment claims due to which the hospital had to provide settlement amount along with remediation as well (Meredith, Mantel Jr, 2011). Further in order to govern the case, assurance framework was identified by themanagement advising the ways in which the new RAH project shall be implemented without facing barriers in the growth. The framework was presented to committee which explained the roles and leadership of iPMO (Integrated Program Management Office). This process increased the governance on the project; it also exposed the risks and provided mitigations to appropriately resolve them. In the current scenario, this process greatly helped new RAH to cut the whole life cost and efficiently resolve the challenges present in the environment (Anantatmula, 2010). Identify key risks, mitigations and possible learning As this project is based on the contract between two parties due to which it is more exposed to risks. The contractual arrangement transferred risks in the construction and design of the project which impacted the growth of PPP. Further the risks faced by the hospital in initiating the project are discussed below: Project delays: The project faced delay in procuring material to initiate the follow up actions for the plan. The management expected to attain the clinical resources and machines at a fixed time, but they were procured late due to which the follow up actions of the project were also completed late. Thus, this acted as a major risk for the company as the delay in procurement impacted the growth of the whole project (Clarke, 2010). Unavailability of information technology stopped the growth of the whole implementation plan. Further project delays, delayed the completion of the whole project due to which the contract terms were breached. This breachment acted as a risk for the new RAH project. Cost pressure: The State funded around $5.8 million for the project, but the management of the hospital did not worked according to the framework presented to the committee. The budget went underspent due to which the project review noted the cost pressure in delivering the ICT services by new RAH. Further, it was also noted by the auditor that a sum of $9.6 million was an unfunded budget cost which was questionable for the company. This, unknown cost pressure increased the risk factor for the company (Martinelli, Milosevic, 2016). Insufficient training of staff: It should be noted that the new information communication technology system was introduction in new RAH so as to increase the efficiency of the projected plan. But the employees who were handling the project were inefficient to the projected technology due to which the plan faced difficulties. The employees were not trained enough to handle the project, and ironically the whole project was based on innovation and use of new technology. So, resulting to which the success of the plan became impossible task (Yang, Huang, Wu, 2011). Thus, the employees working in project itself became a threat for new RAH. Industrial disputes: A dispute arose between both the parties who were a part of the contract. Due to cost pressure activities, the State lost the trust from the new RAH due to which industrial dispute arose and affected the growth of the project. Further, there was delay in the delivery of services to the hospital due to which risk attracted with the company (Aga, Noorderhaven, Vallejo, 2016). Apart from the risk attracting the growth of the project, it also included certain dependencies based on the contract. The new RAH information technology program was process by working with the ICT enterprise in order to attain a detailed and authentic view of the plan. Thus this process created an interdependent relationship of RAH on the ICT enterprise. As discussed above, that the company faced the risk of inefficient labour for the process due to which many different organizations were hired at differ levels of the project so as to provide completeness to the event and make its successful as well (Turner, 2016). After facing risks and challenges, a framework was designed and presented to the committee for the latter formulation of the project, for which efficient and effective resources were used from outside. Thus, at many areas contractual relationship with different companies was organized so as to succeed in the PPP event. Summary of key findings and identification of best practices The audit governance report included observations about the project governance, budget, procurement, risk management, contract administration etc. Through the governance of project it was review that the project was governed appropriately with the use of framework. The committee properly identified the flaw in the framework and corrected it in order to attain higher level of satisfaction. The business case was not completely monitored by the SA Health. Also there was a scope of improvement by the e Project Director to SA Health. Analyzing the budget, it should be summarized that the budget was not correctly made and implemented (Mignone, Hosseini, Chileshe, Arashpour, 2016). There issues in the finance report due to which there was a different between the expected and the actual amount of expenditure. The RAH ICT program faced cost pressure. But the scope of ICT worked in the program and it positively affected the activities in the project. The contingency information which was prov ided to the committee was insufficient due to which effectiveness of the decision of committee lost its scope. Further, there was scope of improvement in the process of documentation. The risk management activities were improved with the introduction of the framework (Barnett, Cross, Shahwan-Akl, Jacob, 2010). As the evidence related to risk were provided to the committee due to which their decisions became efficient and effective for the completion of the project. The in process of contract management lack of framework made it difficult for the officials to comply with all the contract related documentation. Further one of the most important key observations is that the State agreed to pay Project Co $68.6 million in exchange of the claims of the deed. Against the claims imposed on the hospital, the remediation settlement was made by paying $23.8 million (New Royal Adelaide Hospital report, 2015). Additionally talking about the best practices, it should be noted that the contract management appropriately acquired the strategic acquisition plan in order to succeed in their program. The best practices are those which resolve the challenge faced by the management in completion of the project and reduces the amount of risks as well (Hill, Bartol, 2016). For the procurement purpose, the management should prepare a forecasting report which should explain all the resources which are to be procured by the management. The employees should work according to the plan identified by the committee and it is the responsibility of the employees to inform the committee about all the issues and working of the project (DuBois, et. al., 2015). Talking about the roles and responsibilities of a project manager, it should be noted that the manager schedules the events and plans them accordingly. He also assess and manage the risk in a way that the budget is maintained and while costs are reduced. T hey also initiate communication in the organization and ensure that quality is not waived by any employee in the organization. Lastly, it should be noted that project management activities are fundamental to successful supply chain initiatives as the process of project management offers a good procurement plan for the proper execution of the project (Walker, 2015). Reflection journal From the analysis of the module 1, 2 and 3, I came to know about the ways in which an organization works. These modules provided me learnings which will definitely help me work as a professional in the external environment. The purpose of the module one was to introduce contracts and procurement process in the system. Information about contracts helped me to gain knowledge about the ways in which a contract should be adhered by two parties. A contract is only binding rule which connects the activities of two parties and on the basis of which one party can raise a claim on the activities of other party. Further, the procurement process helped me to understand the whole functioning of the event. As procurement is one of the more important aspect in a project, so the procurement process of the PPP project of New Royal Adelaide Hospital helped me in attaining information and step by step activities of the whole event. Project governance, leadership, organizational issues were just terms before the introduction of this module. But with the help of this module I gained in depth analysis of the whole process. Lastly, in my personal context, research and analysis are two most important aspects in the life of a professional and by studying these modules I gained the ability to evaluate the event and present a materialistic report as well. References Aga, D. A., Noorderhaven, N., Vallejo, B. (2016). Transformational leadership and project success: The mediating role of team-building.International Journal of Project Management,34(5), 806-818. Anantatmula, V. S. (2010). Project manager leadership role in improving project performance.Engineering Management Journal,22(1), 13-22. Barnett, T., Cross, M., Shahwan-Akl, L., Jacob, E. (2010). The evaluation of a successful collaborative education model to expand student clinical placements.Nurse Education in Practice,10(1), 17-21. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Clarke, N. (2010). Emotional intelligence and its relationship to transformational leadership and key project manager competences.Project Management Journal,41(2), 5-20. DuBois, M., Hanlon, J., Koch, J., Nyatuga, B., Kerr, N. (2015). Leadership styles of effective project managers: Techniques and traits to lead high performance teams.Journal of Economic Development, Management, IT, Finance, and Marketing,7(1), 30. Hill, N. S., Bartol, K. M. (2016). Empowering leadership and effective collaboration in geographically dispersed teams.Personnel Psychology,69(1), 159-198. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Martinelli, R. J., Milosevic, D. Z. (2016).Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011).Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Mignone, G., Hosseini, M. R., Chileshe, N., Arashpour, M. (2016). Enhancing collaboration in BIM-based construction networks through organisational discontinuity theory: a case study of the new Royal Adelaide Hospital.Architectural Engineering and Design Management,12(5), 333-352. New Royal Adelaide Hospital report, (2015). Report of the Auditor-General. Government of South Australia. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Turner, R. (2016).Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. Yang, L. R., Huang, C. F., Wu, K. S. (2011). The association among project manager's leadership style, teamwork and project success.International journal of project management,29(3), 258-267.