Alexander the Great.

Alexander the Great. ALEXANDER THE GREATAlexander the Great was viewed as a virtuoso and the best winner of the old style times. He played numerous parts and had the option to recognize those in regular day to day existence. There is a wide assortment of parts engaged with this pioneer yet will concentrate on his experience, social commitments, social clashes, and the case that he is a genius.Alexander was conceived in 356 B.C.E., the child of Phillip II and Olympias of Macedon. He was delegated Prince when he was being coached by Aristotle, who prepared him in talk and writing that invigorated his enthusiasm for science, medication, and reasoning. Alexander was first hitched to Roxanne in 327 B.C.E. what's more, second to Barsine in 324 B.C.E., he bore no youngsters with either spouse. After his dad was killed in 336 B.C.E., he turned into the King of Macedon and later the King of Asia. Alexander additionally established Alexandria, after totally crushing the Persians at the skirmish of Arbela in 331 B. C.E.Alexander Muir Public School, Toronto, 1902 [OHQ-P...slaves. Alexander's next endeavor was to crush Persia. He would never be the dominantforce in his general vicinity as long as the Persian ruler Darius was all the while living. In the wake of beating Persiathe second and last time in 332, Darius, who figured out how to endure, fled to the mountains.He passed on in the mountains when one of his own aristocrats killed him. With Darius dead,Alexander was delegated King of Persia and got known as the ruler of all Asia.Babylon gave up after Gaugamela, and the city of Susa with its colossal treasureswas before long prevailed. At that point, in midwinter, Alexander constrained his approach to Persepolis, thePersian capital. In the wake of ravaging the illustrious treasuries and taking other rich goods, heburned the city during a smashed gorge and accordingly finished the obliteration of the ancientPersian Empire. His area currently stretched out along and past the southern shores of. ..

International Business - Meli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Business - Meli - Essay Example The firm has likewise centered enormously around the separation system. This has empowered it to build its apparent incentive among its devoted clients. This is through contribution unrivaled administrations. This has made the clients to be eager to pay a premium for the new administrations to be advertised. Ultimately, the organization has incorporated the worth chain through contribution entryway to-entryway administrations. In this way, it can gain by these methodologies so as to build its upper hand in the market (Hamermes and Yong, 2012). Meli has performed adequately particularly with the cutoff points on the courses that its vessels can cover. The contenders have a more extensive scope of course and vessels with high limits. Accordingly, when putting these obliges into thought, the firm can be said to have performed better than expected (Hamermes and Yong, 2012). I would prescribe that Tim favor the choice to procure Teeh-Sah Holdings. This is on the grounds that the new methodologies will open up new courses for the organization. Likewise, the firm will secure more resources and HR that have an involvement with various markets over the world particularly in the trans-pacific course. This will fortify the company’s position through lessening the dangers and vulnerabilities related with focusing on scarcely any business sectors (Hamermes and Yong,

Consumers In The Financial World Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Where decisions taking place in world of certainty, consumers know for sure the utility they will receive given a choice of goods. Firms know for sure the profit they will receive from a chosen set of inputs, this does not describe the real world, technological, uncertainty, market uncertainty, many issues cannot be addressed without considering uncertainty e.g. stock market, insurance, futures markets (investment and savings decisions). In this essay I will look at attitudes towards risk and uncertainty in the insurance market. When people have to make decisions in the presence of uncertainty rational decision making does not go out the window. The standard tools for analyzing rational choice can be modified to accommodate uncertainty. A person in an uncertain environment is choosing among contingent commodities, whose value depends on the eventual outcome or state of the world. As with ordinary commodities, people have preferences for contingent commodities that can be represented by an indifference map. The slope of the budget constraint between two contingent commodities depends on the payoff associated with each state of the world. The curvature of the indifference curve depends on whether the individual is risk averse, risk loving or risk neutral. A risk-averse person will not accept an actuarially fair bet. Risk-averse people purchase insurance in order to spread consumption more evenly across states of the world. When risk-averse people are allowed to purchase fair insurance, they will insure themselves fully in the sense that their consumption is the same in every state of the world. The amount of insurance demanded depends on the premium and on the probability that the insurable event will occur. People wi th von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions, in which the probability of each state of the world is multiplied by the utility associates with that state of the world, seek to maximise the expected value of their utility. The assumption of expected utility maximisation, together with decision trees, can be used to break up complicates decisions into simple components that can be readily solved. By comparing the expected utility of each option, the individual can determine their optimal strategy. An individuals attitude towards risk in which there is a single good (income), assuming that there are only two states of the world (state 1 and state 2), let y1 denote income in state 1 and y2, income in state 2. Let denote the probability of state 1 so that (1 ) is the probability of state 2. Given this, the expected value of income is E(y) = y1 + (1- )y2 the weighted average level of income received by the individual over the two states of the world. Utility of the expected value is u[E(y)] = u((y1) + (1- )y2). The utility received by the individual from the weighted average level of income y. Expected utility is given by E(u)= u(y1) + (1- )u(y2), which is the utility received by the individual from fluctuating income levels across the two states of the world Risk Aversion, an individual is risk averse if u[E(y)] gt; E(u). The individual prefers to have a constant amount of income rather than fluctuating amounts of a low income in state 1 of the world and a high income in state 2 of the world averages are preferred to extremes. An alternative definition uses the certainty equivalent level of income denoted by yc. This level of income must satisfy the following condition u(yc) = E(u). yc must be such that the utility received from getting yc equals the utility from facing the gamble (expected utility). In other words, yc is the level of income at which the individual is indifferent between getting that level of income for certain and facing fluctuating incomes levels. This certainty equivalent level of income therefore gives us a notion of the value of the gamble to the individual. If the individual is risk averse E(y) gt; yc, that is, the individual values the gamble at less than the expected value. Risk Neutral An individual is risk neutral if the individual values the prospect at its expected value E(y) = yc or u(y1+ + (1 )y2) = u(y1 + (1 )u(y2). Risk Loving An individual is loving if he/she values the prospect at more than its expected value yc gt; E(y) or u(y1) + (1-)u(y2) gt; u((y1+(1-)y2). The Risk Premium, consider figure 1 and recall that yc satisfies u(yc) = E(u). In figure 1, the individual is willing to give up income cd rather than face the gamble with expected income E(y). r = y yc gt; 0. If the individual is risk loving, the individual would pay to be able to face the gamble. r = E(y) yc gt; 0 Using the idea of insurance under uncertainty, it is possible to consider a risk averse individual and suppose that there are two states of the world, firstly, state 1, where initial income is y, and state 2, where income is y L. The consumer can insure against the loss (cannot affect the loss or the probability of the loss implies a moral hazard issue). The insurance company sells insurance at a premium rate p (0 lt; p lt; 1). Let q denote the amount of insurance cover purchased by the consumer y1 = y pq and y2 = y L pq + q. Let 1 denote the probability of state 1 and let 2 denote the probability of state 2 E(y) = 1(y pq) + 2(y L pq + q) Supposing that the individual maximizes expected utility max q 1u(y1) + 2u(y2) = max q 1u(y pq) + 2u(y L pq + q) Rearranging the first order condition gives the following familiar condition u'(y2) 2 = p u'(y1) 1 1-p An insurance company has an actuarially fair premium (p) if it does not alter the insured individuals expected income 1(y pq) + 2(y L pq + q) =gt; 1y + 2(y L) Hence, the fair premium is p= 2. In fact, perfect competition implies a fair premium. Competition in the industry forces the expected profits of the firm to zero 1pq + 2(pq q) = 0 =gt; q(p 2) = 0 Suppose p = 2 (premium is fair). Then, from the first order condition, can write u'(y1) = u'(y2) Since u(y) lt; 0, this implies y1 = y2 y pq* = y L + (1 p)q* =gt; L = q* (the insurer completely insures against the loss) Suppose p gt; 2 (premium is unfair). This implies 1 p lt; 1 2 = 1. Then, from the first order conditions, u'(y1) lt; u'(y2) which implies y1 gt; y2 y pq* gt; y L + (1 p)q* =gt; q*lt; L if the individual faces an unfair premium then the individual will buy less than complete cover. Using comparative statics, the first order condition gives us our demand for insurance as a function of the parameters in the model q* = D(y, L, p, 2). It is now possible to analyse how this demand changes as we change one of these parameters (say income) holding the others constant. This involves taking derivates of the first order condition with respect to the relevant variable. This results in an increase in income y increases the demand for insurance if and only if the individual has increasing absolute risk aversion (less willing to take risks and more willing to buy insurance). An increase in the price of insurance p is ambiguous and depends on the usual substitution and income effects. An increase in the loss L (due to an accident) increases the demand for insurance. An increase in the accident probability 2 increases the demand for insurance. As a theory of individual behavior, the expected utility model shares many of the underlying assumptions of standard consumer theory. Yet, the expected utility theory comes under criticism by Rabin and Thaler (2001, pp. 219-232). They argue that expected utility theory is inadequate to explain risk aversion and hence should be discarded as a theory of choice under risk and uncertainty. Watt (2002) addresses this argument stating that all the exercises in the Rabin and Thaler paper demonstrate only that an unrealistically high degree of risk aversion produces preposterous results. For a person with a high level of wealth to turn down a bet for moderate stakes that has a positive expected value will require either an unreasonably high level of risk aversion, or some other unusual peculiarity in the utility function (like a utility function that is bounded from above). Otherwise, under standard models of risk aversion, their large-scale bets will not be rejected-and neither will their m oderate-scale bets. Expected utility theory certainly faces problems in explaining certain kinds of empirical evidence, as do other competing theories. But in this case, it reveals a useful truth: namely, that risk-averse, wealth-loving people should be willing to accept certain moderate bets with positive expected value, even though at first glance, the bets may not appear attractive to them. There are alternative theories of choice under uncertainty, one is the prospect theory, which was developed by [Kahneman and Tversky (1979)]. They formulate that uncertain outcomes are defined relative to a reference point, which is typically current wealth (p.274). Outcomes are interpreted as gains and losses. Risky outcomes are referred to as prospects and the decision maker is assumed to choose among alternative prospects by choosing the one with the highest value. The value of a prospect is expressed in terms of two scales, first, a decision weight function , which associates with each probability p giving (p) reflecting the impact of p. (p) is not a probability p in evaluating a prospect. The value function assigns to each outcome x a number v(x), which encodes the decision makers subjective value of outcome. Kahneman and Tverskys (1979) formulation focuses on simple prospects which have at most two non-zero outcomes. The theory can be extended to more complicated prospects, but this poses certain difficulties as it can violate dominance, and hence transitivity, among prospects with more than two outcomes. Potential violations may occur due to the fact that the decision weights in prospect theory are derived by applying the decision weighting function to individual probabilities rather than to the entire probability density of outcome [Quiggan, (1982) p.326] An example in the market for insurance: Let us assume the probability of the insured risk is 1%, the potential loss is $1,000 and the premium is $15. If we apply PT, we first need to set a reference point. This could be (e.g., the current wealth) or the worst case (losing $1,000). If we set the frame to the current wealth, the decision would be to either pay $15 for sure (which gives the prospect theory-utility of ) or a lottery with outcomes $0 (probability 99%) or $1,000 (probability 1%) which yields the PT-utility of . These expressions can be computed numerically. For typical value and weighting functions, the former expression could be larger due to the convexity of in losses, and hence the insurance looks unattractive. If we set the frame to $1,000, both alternatives are set in gains. The concavity of the value function in gains can then lead to a preference for buying the insurance. In this example a strong overweighting of small probabilities can also undo the effect of the c onvexity of in losses: the potential outcome of losing $1,000 is over-weighted. The interplay of overweighting of small probabilities and concavity-convexity of the value function leads to the so-called fourfold pattern of risk attitudes: risk-averse behavior in gains involving moderate probabilities and of small probability losses; risk-seeking behavior in losses involving moderate probabilities and of small probability gains. Another theory in the area of choice under uncertainty is Bell (1982, 1983, Fishburn (1981,1982) and Loomes and Sugdens (1982,1983) regret theory generalizes Savages (1951) minimax regret approach. Choice is modeled as the minimising of a function of the regret vector, defined as the difference between the outcome yielded by a given choice and the best outcome that could have been achieved in that state of nature. A decision makers preference function is defined over pairs of prospects. It is possible that prospect A is preferred to B, B preferred to C, C preferred to A. EXPAND Quiggans (1982) anticipated utility theory maintains properties of dominance and transitivity but employs a weakened version of the independence axiom. The model is consistent with a considerable ranger of choice behavior that violates von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory. It also is free of the violations of dominance that can occur under prospect theory. The Allais paradox [Allais (1953)] is an example of choice behavior that can be explained under anticipate utility theory. Risk attitude under anticipated utility theory, discussed in Hilton (1988), follow Pratt (1964) and Arrows (1971) analysis of risk attitude under von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory and characterize a decision makers attitude toward the risk inherent in a prospect by the decision makers risk premium for the prospect. Hilton (1988) also tests risk attitude under prospect theory, but slightly modifies the perspective on prospect theory from the theorys original statement by Kahneman and Tversky (1979), required by two features of prospect theory. First there is the problem of dominance violations, which Kahneman and Tversky (1979) state that stochastically dominated alternatives are eliminated in the editing phase of the theory, acknowledging that such a procedure raises the problem of intransitivity. Hilton (1988) concludes that after examining the concept of risk attitude under Quiggans (1982) anticipated utility theory and under a modified version of Kahneman and Tverskys (1979) prospect theory. Risk premia for prospects were characterized under booth theories in the large ad in the small. There overall risk premia were then partitioned into a Arrow-Pratt risk premium, transforming the probability distribution, and a decision weight premium, reflecting the decision makers optimism or pessimism as reflected in the implicit distortion of the probabilities. Machina (1982) has abo developed a theory of choice under risk that allows for violations of the independence axiom. Machina proves that the basic results of expected utility theory do not depend on the independence axiom, but may be derived from the much weaker assumption of smoothness of preferences over alternative probabiity distributions. Unlike anticipated utility theory, Machinas (1982) theory does not employ a uti!ity function that maps outcomes into the real line. In Machinas theory, there is no separation between outcomes and probabilities in the evaluation function.

Macbeths Conscience in Shakespeares Macbeth - 530 Words

William Shakespeare’s seventeenth century tragedy, Macbeth, tells the story of Macbeth, whose ambition leads him to murder his close friends. In the play, he is told that he will become king, but to speed up the process he is convinced to kill the current king, Duncan. Although he is portrayed as a vile, evil character, the scene before he murders Duncan, his thoughts after the murder, and his encounters with his friend’s ghost show that Macbeth truly is a man of conscience. After his wife encourages Macbeth to kill King Duncan when he visits their home, Macbeth truly considers the idea. Shakespeare allows his character to mull over the act and consequences in a soliloquy which, â€Å"not only weighs the possible bad practical consequences of†¦show more content†¦Immediately after killing King Duncan, Macbeth’s conscience is disturbed. He tells Lady Macbeth, â€Å"To know what I have done – it would be better to lose consciousness altogetherâ₠¬ (2.2.87-88). He realizes the morality of his act and feels guilty because of it. Macbeth wishes to forget completely he even committed the act and his thoughts and comments even suggest that he regrets killing the king. He understands that morally, the murder was wrong. Since Macbeth knows the immorality of the act, he feels his guilt-ridden conscience continues to be bothered. Even after his fourth murder of his friend Banquo, Macbeth’s conscience is still active. Macbeth, although he feels guilt due to his other murders, he hires assassins to kill his friend so that no one can accuse him of any of the heinous crimes committed. The problem that arises after the murder occurs is that he sees the ghost of his friend at his dinner table. These ghosts arise because of the guilt he feels, and â€Å"that he acts with full knowledge of the evil only increases the pity and fear aroused by the dead† (Coriat 5). If the man had no sense of right and wrong, he would not imagin e the haunting. Instead, Macbeth’s conscience compels him to identify the negative and immoral effects of his acts (Coriat 5). Throughout the play, Macbeth acts against hisShow MoreRelatedRole-Reversal in Macbeth1315 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Macbeth first receives the prophecy predicting he will be king and Banquos heirs will be kings, he is satisfied with the idea of being king. Banquos heirs do not concern him at this point. Once he assassinates Duncan and is crowned king, however, this isnt enough. Now he wants his heirs to be king. He asks himself, why should he have taken all this risk just to put Banquos heirs on the throne? Unsatisfied with just ruling himself, he plots to kill not only Banquo, but Fleance. HisRead MoreSimilarities Between Odysseus And Macbeth1357 Words   |  6 PagesEven though they are both heroes there are many differences between Homer’s Odysseus and Shakespeares Macbeth. Theses differences come from the fact that Odysseus is an ep ic hero, while Macbeth is a tragic hero. 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Position Paper - 1723 Words

Structured Position Paper Structured Position Paper SABIC SAUDI ARABIA Saudi Arabia- Riyadh 24/04/12 SABIC SAUDI ARABIA Saudi Arabia- Riyadh 24/04/12 Student Name SABIC Saudi Arabia considered one of the global market players, where at this paper I will highlight a commentary and analysis to the company vision and mission and a brief SOWT Analysis and company competitive advantage. Student Name SABIC Saudi Arabia considered one of the global market players, where at this paper I will highlight a commentary and analysis to the company vision and mission and a brief SOWT Analysis and company competitive advantage. Table of Contents Structure Position Paper 2 SABIC Saudi Arabia 2 SABIC Vision 2 SABIC Mission 2 SABIC Values 2 SABIC†¦show more content†¦The first of SABIC’s businesses to begin actual production was HADEED, which began producing steel products in 1982. In 1983, SABIC opened its new headquarters in Riyadh, and from that time SABIC expanded through various industries over various countries. SABIC went public in 1984, although the Saudi government maintained a 70 percent stake in the company, and its shareholder base was restricted to Saudi and other citizens in the GCC countries only. The newly public company began its first marketing efforts, with access to Saudi Arabia’s huge gas reserves, SABIC was able to enter the market with some of the lowest feedstock costs in the industry. Indeed, SABIC’s arrival forced a shift among the industry’s previous major players, many of which moved farther downstream in petrochemicals production, while others exited a number of markets entirely. At the same time, the company’s Gulf location placed it close to both European and, especially, fast growing Asian markets. SABIC’s production was 6.5 million metric tons in 1985. Five years later production rose to 13 million tons; by 2003 production had risen to 42 million metric tons; it reached 56 million metric tons in 2008 and it is planning to raise its production to over 130 million tons by 2020 through various strategies such as local expansions, acquisitions, and joint ventures. SWOT analysis StrengthsShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of New Media On The Position Paper1705 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of New Media on the Position Paper Written in the Department of State Introduction The United States Department of State was founded on July 27, 1789. This institution moves forward under its mission statement, which is â€Å"to shape and sustain a peaceful, prosperous, just, and democratic world and foster conditions for stability and progress for the benefit of the American people and people everywhere† (State Dept Website). 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Music Analysis free essay sample

Music for radio, film, Television and Multimedia. Analyses listening log, Year 12 Music 1, Max Tuckering. 1) Discuss why your chosen piece fits into its specific genre, style or musical culture. My chosen piece for this analysis task is Roll On, (2001. Album: Roll On) by The Living End, an Australian rockabilly Icon from the suburbs of Melbourne. This song was the opening anthem for an American comedy film The Cheats (2002). The song was chosen due to Its attractive nature for a young rebellious audience. Quote Chris Cheney, some of our songs are a bit juvenile (FIFO, 2004). The youthful rebellion influences are seen in the early sounds of The Living End, combined with stylistic traits of the ass Rock n roll and late ass-ass Punk genres. The lyrical topic of the song Roll On song was based on the 1998 Australian Waterfront Dispute at the shipyards In Melbourne.Lyrics to suggest this Include: First Verse, The shipyards are deserted on the docks on Melbourne town, The warless standing strong, They gathered round to see what the union had to say, Theres too much work and not enough pay. Lyrically, and sonically the bands music speaks to the working class audience of Australia. The songs topics reflect a voice of the people, a youthful rebellion, seen again in the early punk influences and the lyrics of to just Roll On but the whole demographic of their track listings. 2) Analyses your chosen piece in terms of all the concepts of music. Duration Classic Susie rock and roll Rock-Beat 1 count in, sets up the simple, quadruple meter with accents on the 1st beat.The rhythm section, in this case bass and drums, are providing a steady rhythm for the melodic and harmonic material to be played by guitar and vocals The regular tempo is approximately BPML The time signature is common 4/4 time The backseat is emphasized with the bass drum on the 1 and 3 with the snare drum on the 2 and 4. At approximately miss, assess there is a diminution drum pattern, going from crotchets to quavers to create tensions and excitement before the end of the piece.The prominent drumbeat gives the song a sense of propulsion between sections. This is a mainstream song where people will want to dance, 4/4 is therefore a good choice by the composers in creating a very common and enjoyable meter. Pitch A very rock influenced vocal melody, where there is a major key that also borrows from non-diatonic alterations such as flat ethos and minor 3rd. Major Key (at times a Myocardial mode with a both). Although the guitar is playing minor pentatonic riffs and the solo is played with notes of the A blues scale.The verse tonal center is A major, with the chord progression being power chords of: [A I C ID ] The chorus tonal center is C major, again power chords of the root-notes: [C I F C I F C At 0:assess, there is the first example of 2 modulations from C. Mac to Mamas for the verse. The Lyric Sky follows the chord progression of F-G-A, where as the melody follows major thirds A-B-C# to the roots of the chord progression, ascending in pitch, creating a consonant and prepared modulation between sections.Dynamics and Expressive Techniques The introduction is intentionally loud, a live energetic performance that sounds as if its performed on stage. This is achieved through the method of recording; not only is it recorded on to analog tape, yet it was a live performance with each member isolated in the studio to still create a quality mix. There is also clearly some analogue tape saturation, achieved through high gain recording, creating a very warm/ overdriven tone, mainly heard in the rhythm guitar track. Guitar Pedal Effects include: -Dig-Tech Whammy, a pitch-shifting pedal with a rocking foot mount.Features at imminences. -Beanie Tube Screamer, engaged the whole song -Boost pedal for the guitar solo (increase volume and heighten tone) Expressive techniques: During the Guitar Solo 1:28-1:58: Vibrato, double-stops, slides and bends feature, creating a interesting and stimulating solo. Tone Color Loud chanting styled vocals fits the theme of protest and voice of the people concept. Cheney achieves a pure, husky tone for the lead vocals by singing with full volume chest voice. The backing vocals feature an even more aggressive shout tone, seen in the motif of roll on, roll on, roll on in the introduction.Guitar amplification: Tube amplification provides the clearest and truest sound of the instrument with natural boosting of the upper harmonics of the guitar strings. Thus a raw and majestic tone is accomplished. The solo is played on the higher register of the guitar; this creates interest through contrast and disparity between sections. Bass Recording: The double bass has been modified to handle the volume and tone required for a rock band. The instrument has two split pickup single coil precision bass pick-ups, allowing for optimum output to an amplifier.This provides a rumbling powerful low-end tone to support all the high end treble of the guitars. Drum sounds: The drum sounds of the song are hard-hitting and snappy. This is necessary as the bass and guitar are dominating the low end, where otherwise the drums would be lost in a low, muddy mess. The bright tone of the drum components is primarily due to the style of the player. He hits the skins and cymbals with a lot of energy, often playing at the peak dynamic output of the instrument. Texture The overall texture of the piece is predominantly Homophobic, Vocal melody ND accompanying rhythm section.Roll on is a perfect example of a modern contemporary Rock production. A bright, crisp sounding analogue recording that remains true to the instruments natural amplified sounds. The texture is Dynamic. The Doubling of the chanting motif with the guitar riff is effective. The lead singer and lead guitarist fits the melodic role Rhythm guitar, backing vocals and double bass fit the harmonic role, a constant choral accompaniment. The double bass and the drum kit fill the rhythmic role, they lock in together through the syncopated bass drum line. Traditionally a rock song will have a heavy, solid and rich density, in this case it does. Loud volume, thick-sounding instruments: Heavy distorted guitars; fat bass lines and hard-hitting drums create this density in the performance. Structure Intro,reverse: Intro with the count in 1 ,2,3,4 Each instrument is introduced separately, building layers and texture. The verse introduces the motifs to be developed such as guitar riff and backing vocals Chorus: The chorus develops the feel of the rock beat, and the meter effectively Introduction Riff: Continues the feel of the song similar to the introduction

Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrandâ€Discussion Questions

'Unbroken' by Laura Hillenbrand- Discussion Questions   Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand is the true story of Louis Zamparini, who was an Olympic runner that survived for more than a month on a raft in the Pacific Ocean after crashing his plane during World War II. He was then taken as a Prisoner of War by the Japanese. Hillenbrand tells his story in parts, and these book club questions are also divided by parts of the book so that groups or individuals can discuss the story over time or focus on the areas they want to discuss more deeply. Spoiler Warning: These questions contain details about the end of Unbroken. Finish each section before reading the questions for that part. Part I Were you interested in Part I, which was mostly about Louis childhood and running career?How do you think his childhood and Olympic training helped him survive what would come later? Part II Were you surprised by how many servicemen died in flight training or in planes that went down outside of combat?Superman received 594 holes in the battle over Nauru. What did you think of the descriptions of this air battle? Were you surprised by their ability to survive despite being hit so many times?Did you learn anything new about the Pacific theater during World War II through this part of the book? Part III How do you think Louie survived the crash?What were details of the mens survival on the raft most interesting to you? How they found and saved water or food? The ways they kept up their mental acuity? The lack of provisions in the life raft?What role did emotional and mental state play in Phil and Louies survival? How did they keep their minds sharp? Why was this important?Were you surprised by how ferocious the sharks  were?Louie had several religious experiences on the raft that led to a new belief in God: surviving the gunning by the Japanese bomber, the tranquil day at sea, the provision of rainwater and seeing singing in the clouds. What do you make of these experiences? How were they important to his life story? Part IV Were you aware of how severely the Japanese treated Prisoners of War during World War II? Were you surprised to learn how much worse it was for men captured in the Pacific war than for those captured by Nazis?When Louie is interviewed just after his release, he says If I knew I had to go through those experiences again, Id kill myself (321). As they were going through it, how do you think Louie and Phil survived the starvation and brutality they faced as prisoners?What were the ways the Japanese tried to break the mens spirits? Why does the author focus on how this was worse in many ways than the physical cruelty? What do you think was the hardest thing the men had to endure?Later in the narrative, we learn that the Bird and many of the other soldiers were pardoned? What do you think of this decision?How do you think the men escaped the Kill All order?Why do you think Louies family never gave up hope that he was alive? Part V Epilogue In many ways, Louies unraveling is not surprising considering all he endured. After attending the Billy Graham crusade, however, he never experienced another vision of the Bird, he saved his marriage and he was able to move on with his life. Why do you think this is? What roles did forgiveness and gratitude play in his ability to move on? How did he see God at work throughout his whole experience despite the unimaginable suffering he experienced?From the moment of their rescue through the present day publishing of this book and the movie adaptation, Louie Zamparini has received significant media attention whereas Allen Phillips was treated as a trivial footnote in what was celebrated as Louies story (385). Why do you think that was?Louie continued to have adventures well into old age? What parts of his post-war story were most notable to you?Rate Unbroken on a scale of 1 to 5. Details of the book: Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand was published in November 2010.Publisher: Random House496 PagesThe movie adaptation of Unbroken was released in December 2014.